What does the '10,000 Genomes Project' entail?
What does the '10,000 Genomes Project' entail?
The Department of
Biotechnology (DBT) has declared the successful completion of the ‘10,000
Genomes Project’ – an extensive initiative to sequence a multitude of
individual genomes originating from India. This groundbreaking initiative is
poised to facilitate precision medicine and genetic epidemiology studies
tailored to the Indian populace.
Objectives of the Initiative:
Although India sequenced its initial whole human genome in
2006, there was a recognized necessity to establish a vast genomic repository
that accurately reflects the diversity of India's population. According to DBT
Secretary Dr.
Rajesh S. Gokhale, "There is a paucity of studies on the fundamental
genetic makeup of Indians."
By mapping thousands of individual genomes representing
various ethnic groups and tribal communities across India, researchers now
possess essential reference data on population-specific genetic variations.
These variations play a significant role in determining susceptibility to
diseases among different Indian sub-groups, making it imperative to comprehend
them for the advancement of precision medicine and targeted healthcare
solutions.
Key Achievements:
The inception of the ‘10,000 Genomes Project’ occurred in
2020 under the National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015-20. Genome
sequencing commenced in 2021 and has been successfully completed in accordance
with DBT's timeline.
In total, 10,010 genomes were sequenced from individuals
belonging to 1,014 Indian sub-populations and tribes across all 28 states and 9
union territories.
The project was executed utilizing a hub-and-spoke model,
spearheaded by three anchor institutes – the CSIR Institute of Genomics and
Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, the IISER Regional Centre for the IISER
Regional Centre for Genomic Technologies (RCGT) located in Bhopal, and the
Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) situated in Bhubaneshwar.
These central institutes collaborated with technology
innovation hubs, academic institutions such as IITs, national research
laboratories, hospitals, and industry stakeholders to gather ethnically
relevant biospecimens for sequencing. Standard protocols were established for
sample quality and analysis.
Significance of the Milestone:
As the world’s pioneering ethnically pertinent genome database, the 10,000 genome project positions India among the select few countries possessing indigenous genomic information at a population scale.
Dr. Gokhale underscored that such comprehensive genome data
will find applications across various domains – from comprehending genetic
diseases and formulating preventive healthcare policies to fostering research
in genomics, precision medicine, and agriculture.
By delineating India’s distinct genetic variants associated with ailments like diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disorders, researchers can develop targeted therapeutics, diagnostics, and treatment regimens optimized for Indian sub-groups, potentially revolutionizing the healthcare landscape.
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