Global Climate Report 2023:
Global
Climate Report 2023:
The Global
Climate Report for 2023, issued by the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO), verifies that 2023 registered the
highest temperatures ever recorded.The report underscores concerning trends
in various climate metrics, including unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases,
surface temperatures, ocean warming and acidification, sea level elevation,
Antarctic sea ice reduction, and glacier retreat.
Key
Observations:
Global
Temperature: The
average global near-surface temperature in 2023 was 1.45 ± 0.12 °C above
pre-industrial levels (1850–1900), setting a new record in the 174-year
observational history. Prior record-holders were 2016 at 1.29 ± 0.12 °C and
2020 at 1.27 ± 0.13 °C above the pre-industrial average.
Warmest
Decade: The decade
from 2014 to 2023 saw the highest 10-year average global temperature, standing
at 1.20 ± 0.12 °C above pre-industrial levels.
Monthly Records: From June to December, every month in 2023 set new records for warmth. In September 2023, there was a significant margin surpassing the previous global record for September by 0.46 to 0.54 °C.
Greenhouse
Gas Levels:
Concentrations of major greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
oxide – hit record highs in 2022, with real-time data indicating continued
increases throughout 2023.
Oceanic
Heat: Sea surface
temperatures globally reached record highs from April onward, with July,
August, and September experiencing particularly notable deviations. Regions
such as the eastern North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, North Pacific,
and vast areas of the Southern Ocean saw exceptional warmth.
Impact on
Human Life and Ecosystems:
The WMO
report underscores the severe consequences of climate change:
Extreme
Weather Events:
Heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and intensifying tropical cyclones
caused significant destruction, disrupting lives for millions and resulting in
substantial economic losses.
Marine
Heatwaves: Nearly
one-third of the global ocean experienced marine heatwaves on average each day
in 2023, endangering crucial ecosystems and food supplies. By year-end, over
90% of the ocean had faced heatwave conditions at some point.
Glacier
Retreat: Reference
glaciers worldwide recorded unprecedented ice loss, driven by extreme melting
in western North America and Europe, according to preliminary data.
Food
Insecurity: Acute
food insecurity doubled globally, rising from 149 million people before the COVID-19
pandemic to 333 million in 2023 across 78 monitored countries by the World
Food Programme. Weather and climate extremes exacerbated this crisis.
Displacement: Climate-related hazards continued to displace populations in 2023, highlighting how climate shocks undermine resilience and expose vulnerable communities to new risks.
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