“NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar)” Mission
NISAR (NASA-ISRO
Synthetic Aperture Radar) Mission is a collaborative
project between NASA and ISRO aimed at building and launching an Earth
observation satellite equipped with a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar.
Notable, the satellite carries the most advanced radar system ever to be
launched in a NASA Mission. It also has the largest radar antenna of its type.
The satellite will be the first of its kind and will be used to remotely sense
natural phenomena on Earth, such as the Antarctic cryosphere. NISAR is expected
to be the most expensive Earth-imaging satellite, with a total cost of around
1.5 billion USD. The US Air Force recently handed over the NISAR satellite to
the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The satellite is expected to be
launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh in 2024.
Objective
of the NISAR Mission:-
Ø This
mission will map the elevations on the earth’s surface. It will mainly focus on
the ice masses. The mapping was to be done four to six times a month. The resolution
of the mapping was to be in the range of 5m to 10m. With this, the mission will
provide details about ice sheet collapses, landslides, etc.
Operators
and Manufacturers of NISAR Mission:-
Ø The
manufacturer was ISRO and the Operator was NASA. The mission duration is 3
years. It will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center by ISRO. The mission
uses the principle of radar imaging. The Imaging radars used in the NISAR
mission are mesh type and are huge.
About
Radar imaging used in NISAR Mission:-
Ø Radar
imaging works just like a flash camera. It creates its own light. Based on the
reflection from the object, it creates an image of the object. The flash camera
sends out light. Radars will send out radio waves.
L-band
SAR in NISAR Mission:-
Ø There
are two radars in the satellite. They are the L-band SAR and the S-band SAR.
The L-band SAR is to be produced by NASA. And the S-band SAR will be produced
by ISRO.
Ø The L-band SAR will create 2-dimensional images based on the motion of the radar antenna. For this reason, the images are of better resolution.
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